Pentesting tools
This page will be a completely chaotic list of tools, articles, and resources I use regularly in Pentesting and CTF situations. My goal is to update this list as often as possible with examples, articles, and useful tips. It will serve as a reference for myself when I forget things and hopefully help other to discover tools that they haven’t used. If you know of more tools or find a mistake, please contact me on Twitter or by email (links above).
Contributors: @redjill_foxx
(last edited: 5th of August 2020)
Was pinned on /r/hacking (even more tools suggested there):
Hydra
hydra options $user/$passOptions $ip/$url serviceOptions
Example I used during a CTF to find valid usernames:
hydra -L usernames.txt -p password -f -s 5001 35.227.x.x http-post-form "/hash/login:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^:Invalid username" -t 64
hydra options $user/$passOptions $ip/$url serviceOptions
Example I used during a CTF to find valid usernames:
hydra -L usernames.txt -p password -f -s 5001 35.227.x.x http-post-form "/hash/login:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^:Invalid username" -t 64
John the Ripper
Another bruteforcing tool, for password hashes this time. I explain how to add a new rule in this post.
john --wordlist=password.lst --rules mypasswd
Another bruteforcing tool, for password hashes this time. I explain how to add a new rule in this post.
john --wordlist=password.lst --rules mypasswd
hashcat
hashcat is the world's fastest and most advanced password recovery utility, supporting five unique modes of attack for over 200 highly-optimized hashing algorithms. hashcat currently supports CPUs, GPUs, and other hardware accelerators on Linux, Windows, and macOS, and has facilities to help enable distributed password cracking.
Important note: a VM won't have access to your hardware so you'll need to do modifications to make it work as it will try to use GPU.
hashcat is the world's fastest and most advanced password recovery utility, supporting five unique modes of attack for over 200 highly-optimized hashing algorithms. hashcat currently supports CPUs, GPUs, and other hardware accelerators on Linux, Windows, and macOS, and has facilities to help enable distributed password cracking.
Important note: a VM won't have access to your hardware so you'll need to do modifications to make it work as it will try to use GPU.
SQLMap
I use this tool a lot for SQL injections. For more information, check this tutorial.
sqlmap -u $url options
Very useful option:
--forms: Parse and test forms
I use this tool a lot for SQL injections. For more information, check this tutorial.
sqlmap -u $url options
Very useful option:
--forms: Parse and test forms
WPScan
WPScan is a free, for non-commercial use, black box WordPress vulnerability scanner written for security professionals and blog maintainers to test the security of their sites.
wpscan --url myblog.com
If a more stealthy approach is required, then
wpscan --stealthy --url myblog.com can be used.
When using the --enumerate option, don't forget to set the --plugins-detection accordingly, as its default is 'passive'.
WPScan is a free, for non-commercial use, black box WordPress vulnerability scanner written for security professionals and blog maintainers to test the security of their sites.
wpscan --url myblog.com
If a more stealthy approach is required, then
wpscan --stealthy --url myblog.com can be used.
When using the --enumerate option, don't forget to set the --plugins-detection accordingly, as its default is 'passive'.
Pentestmonkey Reverse Shell
The PHP reverse shell I use the most, you'll find it on this page with a tutorial on how to use it. Explore the rest of the Pentestmonkey website, it's great.
They also have a Shell script to check for simple privilege escalation vectors on Unix systems:
https://github.com/pentestmonkey/unix-privesc-check
The PHP reverse shell I use the most, you'll find it on this page with a tutorial on how to use it. Explore the rest of the Pentestmonkey website, it's great.
They also have a Shell script to check for simple privilege escalation vectors on Unix systems:
https://github.com/pentestmonkey/unix-privesc-check
SecLists
SecLists is the security tester's companion. It's a collection of multiple types of lists used during security assessments, collected in one place. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, sensitive data patterns, fuzzing payloads, web shells, and many more.
SecLists is the security tester's companion. It's a collection of multiple types of lists used during security assessments, collected in one place. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, sensitive data patterns, fuzzing payloads, web shells, and many more.
Nmap
No need to introduce this extremely useful tool, but here my usual command if it interests you:
nmap -sV -sC -oN myscan.txt $ip
nmap -A -oN myscan.txt $ip
And if you do not need to be discreet (for certain CTFs without firewall f.ex.), you can add T5 which is the insane mode. T0 being the paranoid mode and will be a very slow scan.
nmap -A -T5 -oN myscan.txt $ip
Useful one-liner to look all the scripts that nmap can provide:
locate -r '\.nse$' | xargs grep categories | grep 'default\|version'
Let's say you're looking for SMB scripts:
locate -r '\.nse$' | xargs grep categories | grep 'default\|version' | grep smb
No need to introduce this extremely useful tool, but here my usual command if it interests you:
nmap -sV -sC -oN myscan.txt $ip
- -sV: Version/Service info
- -sC: Run default scripts
- -oN: Normal output
nmap -A -oN myscan.txt $ip
And if you do not need to be discreet (for certain CTFs without firewall f.ex.), you can add T5 which is the insane mode. T0 being the paranoid mode and will be a very slow scan.
nmap -A -T5 -oN myscan.txt $ip
Useful one-liner to look all the scripts that nmap can provide:
locate -r '\.nse$' | xargs grep categories | grep 'default\|version'
Let's say you're looking for SMB scripts:
locate -r '\.nse$' | xargs grep categories | grep 'default\|version' | grep smb
Masscan
I started using this tool as an addition to NMAP. It is a great port scanner and effective to grab banner information, but it can also scan the entire Internet in under 6 minutes!!
Command example for a simple port scan:
masscan -p80,8000-8100 10.0.0.0/8
And for banner checking:
masscan 10.0.0.0/8 -p80 --banners --source-ip 192.168.1.200
I started using this tool as an addition to NMAP. It is a great port scanner and effective to grab banner information, but it can also scan the entire Internet in under 6 minutes!!
Command example for a simple port scan:
masscan -p80,8000-8100 10.0.0.0/8
And for banner checking:
masscan 10.0.0.0/8 -p80 --banners --source-ip 192.168.1.200
Wfuzz
Extremely useful for enumeration, Wfuzz is a tool designed for bruteforcing Web Applications, it can be used for finding resources not linked (directories, servlets, scripts, etc), bruteforce GET and POST parameters for checking different kind of injections (SQL, XSS, LDAP,etc), bruteforce Forms parameters (User/Password), Fuzzing, etc.
wfuzz -c -z file,/usr/share/wfuzz/wordlist/general/common.txt --hc 404 http://192.168.1.202/FUZZ
Extremely useful for enumeration, Wfuzz is a tool designed for bruteforcing Web Applications, it can be used for finding resources not linked (directories, servlets, scripts, etc), bruteforce GET and POST parameters for checking different kind of injections (SQL, XSS, LDAP,etc), bruteforce Forms parameters (User/Password), Fuzzing, etc.
wfuzz -c -z file,/usr/share/wfuzz/wordlist/general/common.txt --hc 404 http://192.168.1.202/FUZZ
DirBuster
Never enough enumeration tools! One more. This one as a GUI, so just type the command 'dirbuster' and it will launch the program.
Never enough enumeration tools! One more. This one as a GUI, so just type the command 'dirbuster' and it will launch the program.
Nikto
Did I say enumeration again? Nikto is the last enumeration tool I use. Never underestimate an effective enumeration during the recon phase.
nikto -Display 1234EP -o report.html -Format htm -Tuning 123bde -host $ip
Did I say enumeration again? Nikto is the last enumeration tool I use. Never underestimate an effective enumeration during the recon phase.
nikto -Display 1234EP -o report.html -Format htm -Tuning 123bde -host $ip
Gobuster
I know, I know: more enumeration. But trust me having different tools to enumerate directories often helped me during CTFs in the recon phase. Just choose the ones that will do the job.
gobuster dir -u $url -w $wordlist
I know, I know: more enumeration. But trust me having different tools to enumerate directories often helped me during CTFs in the recon phase. Just choose the ones that will do the job.
gobuster dir -u $url -w $wordlist
Sublist3r
Sublist3r is a python tool designed to enumerate subdomains of websites using OSINT. Sublist3r enumerates subdomains using many search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Bing, Baidu, and Ask. Sublist3r also enumerates subdomains using Netcraft, Virustotal, ThreatCrowd, DNSdumpster, and ReverseDNS.
python sublist3r.py -d example.com
Sublist3r is a python tool designed to enumerate subdomains of websites using OSINT. Sublist3r enumerates subdomains using many search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Bing, Baidu, and Ask. Sublist3r also enumerates subdomains using Netcraft, Virustotal, ThreatCrowd, DNSdumpster, and ReverseDNS.
python sublist3r.py -d example.com
The Awesome Red Teaming
List of Awesome Red Team / Red Teaming Resources. This list is for anyone wishing to learn about Red Teaming but do not have a starting point.
List of Awesome Red Team / Red Teaming Resources. This list is for anyone wishing to learn about Red Teaming but do not have a starting point.
Osmedeus
Osmedeus allows you automated run the collection of awesome tools to reconnaissance and vulnerability scanning against the target. Even has a slack bot to send notifications!
Osmedeus allows you automated run the collection of awesome tools to reconnaissance and vulnerability scanning against the target. Even has a slack bot to send notifications!
XSS Hunter
XSS Hunter allows you to find all kinds of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, including the often-missed blind XSS. The service works by hosting specialized XSS probes which, upon firing, scan the page and send information about the vulnerable page to the XSS Hunter service.
XSS Hunter allows you to find all kinds of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, including the often-missed blind XSS. The service works by hosting specialized XSS probes which, upon firing, scan the page and send information about the vulnerable page to the XSS Hunter service.
pspy
pspy is a command line tool designed to snoop on processes without need for root permissions. It allows you to see commands run by other users, cron jobs, etc. as they execute. Great for enumeration of Linux systems in CTFs. Also great to demonstrate your colleagues why passing secrets as arguments on the command line is a bad idea.
I explain in this post how to upload enumeration tools to a server.
pspy is a command line tool designed to snoop on processes without need for root permissions. It allows you to see commands run by other users, cron jobs, etc. as they execute. Great for enumeration of Linux systems in CTFs. Also great to demonstrate your colleagues why passing secrets as arguments on the command line is a bad idea.
I explain in this post how to upload enumeration tools to a server.
LinEnum
Scripted Local Linux Enumeration & Privilege Escalation Checks.
I explain in this post how to upload enumeration tools to a server.
Scripted Local Linux Enumeration & Privilege Escalation Checks.
I explain in this post how to upload enumeration tools to a server.
GTFOBins
GTFOBins is a curated list of Unix binaries that can be exploited by an attacker to bypass local security restrictions.
GTFOBins is a curated list of Unix binaries that can be exploited by an attacker to bypass local security restrictions.
LOLBAS
The goal of the LOLBAS project is to document every binary, script, and library that can be used for Living Off The Land techniques.
The goal of the LOLBAS project is to document every binary, script, and library that can be used for Living Off The Land techniques.
TCM Security Sample Pentest Report
This is a template for a pentest report kindly given by the Cyber Mentor (subscribe to his channel, awesome content), and in his own words:
"I am frequently asked what an actual pentest report looks like. I am providing a barebones demo report for "demo company" that consisted of an external penetration test. The report only includes one finding and is meant to be a starter template for others to use. Please feel free to download and make this your own."
This is a template for a pentest report kindly given by the Cyber Mentor (subscribe to his channel, awesome content), and in his own words:
"I am frequently asked what an actual pentest report looks like. I am providing a barebones demo report for "demo company" that consisted of an external penetration test. The report only includes one finding and is meant to be a starter template for others to use. Please feel free to download and make this your own."
Cyber Chef
Extremely usefull to quickly decrypt simple hashes. Highly recommend.
Extremely usefull to quickly decrypt simple hashes. Highly recommend.
exiftool
ExifTool is a platform-independent Perl library plus a command-line application for reading, writing and editing meta information in a wide variety of files.
For example, I explain how I extracted hidden information in images in this post.
ExifTool is a platform-independent Perl library plus a command-line application for reading, writing and editing meta information in a wide variety of files.
For example, I explain how I extracted hidden information in images in this post.
Wireshark
Wireshark is the world’s foremost and widely-used network protocol analyzer. It lets you see what’s happening on your network at a microscopic level and is the standard.
In many forensic CTF challenges, you might have a pcap (Packet Capture Data) to analyze and Wireshark is more than often the best tool to do that. Check out my write-up of the first exercise from Malware Traffic Analysis' exercise list. Planning to do many more in the future.
Wireshark is the world’s foremost and widely-used network protocol analyzer. It lets you see what’s happening on your network at a microscopic level and is the standard.
In many forensic CTF challenges, you might have a pcap (Packet Capture Data) to analyze and Wireshark is more than often the best tool to do that. Check out my write-up of the first exercise from Malware Traffic Analysis' exercise list. Planning to do many more in the future.
Rawsec's CyberSecurity Inventory
A much bigger inventory of tools and resources about CyberSecurity than mine here. Highly recommend if you want to scroll around and look at all the awesome tools that we have to play with.
A much bigger inventory of tools and resources about CyberSecurity than mine here. Highly recommend if you want to scroll around and look at all the awesome tools that we have to play with.
explainshell
explainshell is a tool (with a web interface) capable of parsing man pages, extracting options and explain a given command-line by matching each argument to the relevant help text in the man page.
Tool recommended for this list by @n1cfury
explainshell is a tool (with a web interface) capable of parsing man pages, extracting options and explain a given command-line by matching each argument to the relevant help text in the man page.
Tool recommended for this list by @n1cfury
PayloadsAllTheThings
A list of useful payloads and bypasses for Web Application Security.
You can contribute through pull requests, beers IRL or with buymeacoffee.com
A list of useful payloads and bypasses for Web Application Security.
You can contribute through pull requests, beers IRL or with buymeacoffee.com
PadBuster
PadBuster is a Perl script for automating Padding Oracle Attacks. PadBuster provides the capability to decrypt arbitrary ciphertext, encrypt arbitrary plaintext, and perform automated response analysis to determine whether a request is vulnerable to padding oracle attacks.
If you find a website that uses only cookies for authentification, it's a good idea to give PadBuster a try.
Command example to decrypt:
padbuster http://url.com/profile.php 4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D 8 -cookies "Cookie: PHPSESSID=bn22u9fe085pkut4nsnrrckm96; auth=4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D"
For example, this could result in {"user":"test","role":"user"}
So now, we can encrypt a new cookie with a different role:
padbuster http://url.com/profile.php 4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D 8 -cookies "Cookie: PHPSESSID=bn22u9fe085pkut4nsnrrckm96; auth=4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D" -plaintext "{\"user\":\"test\",\"role\":\"admin\"}"
Which will give us a new encrypted cookie.
PadBuster is a Perl script for automating Padding Oracle Attacks. PadBuster provides the capability to decrypt arbitrary ciphertext, encrypt arbitrary plaintext, and perform automated response analysis to determine whether a request is vulnerable to padding oracle attacks.
If you find a website that uses only cookies for authentification, it's a good idea to give PadBuster a try.
Command example to decrypt:
padbuster http://url.com/profile.php 4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D 8 -cookies "Cookie: PHPSESSID=bn22u9fe085pkut4nsnrrckm96; auth=4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D"
For example, this could result in {"user":"test","role":"user"}
So now, we can encrypt a new cookie with a different role:
padbuster http://url.com/profile.php 4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D 8 -cookies "Cookie: PHPSESSID=bn22u9fe085pkut4nsnrrckm96; auth=4Ax3gr6sdNiBYo7LIkJUavx89eauhgqdrMICdOvdWmDMM6Oo%2BHiXmg%3D%3D" -plaintext "{\"user\":\"test\",\"role\":\"admin\"}"
Which will give us a new encrypted cookie.
Malware Traffic Analysis
If you're interested in forensic and malware traffic analysis, this is THE website. It contains a lot of great articles, but also a very long list of exercises to practice your Wireshark skills! And of course following @malware_traffic on twitter is a must.
Check out my write-up of the first exercise. Planning to do many more in the future.
If you're interested in forensic and malware traffic analysis, this is THE website. It contains a lot of great articles, but also a very long list of exercises to practice your Wireshark skills! And of course following @malware_traffic on twitter is a must.
Check out my write-up of the first exercise. Planning to do many more in the future.
enum4linux
Enum4linux is a tool for enumerating information from Windows and Samba systems. Very useful during CTF if you're facing a Windows machine, it can help you find the initial foothold.
enum4linux should be already installed on kali linux.
enum4linux -a 10.10.10.169
Enum4linux is a tool for enumerating information from Windows and Samba systems. Very useful during CTF if you're facing a Windows machine, it can help you find the initial foothold.
enum4linux should be already installed on kali linux.
enum4linux -a 10.10.10.169
Evil-WinRM
Lot of features, give it a try next time you're trying to get a shell on a Windows machine and escalate your privileges!
Lot of features, give it a try next time you're trying to get a shell on a Windows machine and escalate your privileges!
BloodHound
"BloodHound uses graph theory to reveal the hidden and often unintended relationships within an Active Directory environment. Attacks can use BloodHound to easily identify highly complex attack paths that would otherwise be impossible to quickly identify. Defenders can use BloodHound to identify and eliminate those same attack paths. Both blue and red teams can use BloodHound to easily gain a deeper understanding of privilege relationships in an Active Directory environment."
Here are great links about BloodHound:
- BloodHound wiki
- The Dog Whisperer's Handbook
- BloodHound Custom Queries
if you need help when setting up BloodHound and using it, contact me on twitter!
"BloodHound uses graph theory to reveal the hidden and often unintended relationships within an Active Directory environment. Attacks can use BloodHound to easily identify highly complex attack paths that would otherwise be impossible to quickly identify. Defenders can use BloodHound to identify and eliminate those same attack paths. Both blue and red teams can use BloodHound to easily gain a deeper understanding of privilege relationships in an Active Directory environment."
Here are great links about BloodHound:
- BloodHound wiki
- The Dog Whisperer's Handbook
- BloodHound Custom Queries
if you need help when setting up BloodHound and using it, contact me on twitter!
Active Directory Kill Chain Attack & Defense
A complete bible! Go check it out! A lot less chaotic than this page...
"This document was designed to be a useful, informational asset for those looking to understand the specific tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) attackers are leveraging to compromise active directory and guidance to mitigation, detection, and prevention. And understand Active Directory Kill Chain Attack and Modern Post Exploitation Adversary Tradecraft Activity."
A complete bible! Go check it out! A lot less chaotic than this page...
"This document was designed to be a useful, informational asset for those looking to understand the specific tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) attackers are leveraging to compromise active directory and guidance to mitigation, detection, and prevention. And understand Active Directory Kill Chain Attack and Modern Post Exploitation Adversary Tradecraft Activity."
PrivEsc
A collection of Windows, Linux and MySQL privilege escalation scripts and exploits. Very useful to enumerate a target for priviledge escalation. If you got a foothold on a Windows machine for example, and got a shell with evil-winrm, upload the windows script and run:
.\windows-privesc-check.exe -a -u username -p Password -d domain.local > report.txt
A collection of Windows, Linux and MySQL privilege escalation scripts and exploits. Very useful to enumerate a target for priviledge escalation. If you got a foothold on a Windows machine for example, and got a shell with evil-winrm, upload the windows script and run:
.\windows-privesc-check.exe -a -u username -p Password -d domain.local > report.txt
impacket
Impacket is a collection of Python classes for working with network protocols.
This is one of the most important tools on this list. As many recommends, you should have a look at each script and try to understand what they do. It will be time well invested because you'll find yourself needing impacket scripts very often during CTFs and pentests.
Impacket is a collection of Python classes for working with network protocols.
This is one of the most important tools on this list. As many recommends, you should have a look at each script and try to understand what they do. It will be time well invested because you'll find yourself needing impacket scripts very often during CTFs and pentests.